On April 2, President Donald Trump unveiled a sweeping tariff policy that will affect nearly every U.S. trading partner. Under the new “reciprocal” tariff system, all imports into the U.S. will face a minimum 10% tariff starting April 5, with higher country-specific rates taking effect on April 9. These targeted rates are based on the trade imbalances and barriers each country imposes on U.S. goods. Scroll below to see the full list.
According to a White House fact sheet, countries with significant trade surpluses with the U.S. will see steeper levies. Imports from China will be hit with a 34% tariff, the European Union 20%, and Vietnam 46%.
A Long-Awaited Policy with Global Reach
Trump’s announcement ends months of speculation about the nature of his long-promised tariff strategy. The “reciprocal” approach means that countries will face tariffs equal to half the total estimated cost of the tariffs and non-tariff barriers they impose on U.S. goods.
Dubbed “Liberation Day” by the administration, the move marks the most aggressive step yet in Trump’s effort to reshape the U.S.’s global trade relationships.
What Does “Reciprocal” Mean?
Historically, “reciprocal” trade meant mutual reductions in barriers to promote fair commerce. The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934, for instance, ushered in an era of cooperation and lower tariffs. But Trump’s use of the term flips that legacy on its head, aiming instead to mirror—rather than ease—foreign trade restrictions.
Trump and his advisors argue that many countries maintain trade policies that disadvantage U.S. exporters. They say the new tariff wall will encourage foreign and U.S.-based manufacturers to shift production to the United States, strengthening domestic industry and revitalizing the American middle class. More recently, officials have also pointed to revenue generation from tariffs as a way to offset tax cuts.
How the New Tariffs Will Work
The reciprocal tariffs are customized for roughly 60 U.S. trading partners. Rates are designed not only to counter existing tariffs but also to address broader “non-tariff barriers.” These include foreign subsidies, data and privacy regulations, VAT systems, currency manipulation, and weak intellectual property enforcement.
The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and the Commerce Department conducted the assessments that informed the country-specific rates.
Most goods from each country will be taxed at a single rate, with exceptions. Products already under separate tariff regimes—such as steel, aluminum, and automobiles—will remain unaffected. Other exempted categories include pharmaceuticals, copper, semiconductors, and certain critical minerals not produced in the U.S.
Goods from Canada and Mexico are also exempt from the reciprocal tariffs—at least for now. Those nations continue to face 25% tariffs tied to drug trafficking and immigration concerns.
Who’s Hit the Hardest?
Some countries will see a dramatic jump in tariffs. China’s effective rate will now total 54%, combining a previously implemented 20% duty with the new 34% levy. Other high-impact cases include:
Vietnam: 46%
Cambodia: 49%
Taiwan: 32%
Japan: 24%
South Korea: 25%
India: 26%
European Union: 20%
Could These Tariffs Be Negotiated?
If history is a guide, Trump may be open to revisions. During his first term, some countries and industries successfully lobbied for exemptions or lower rates.
This time may be no different. According to the White House, trading partners may be eligible for renegotiation if they take “significant steps” to dismantle non-reciprocal barriers and align more closely with U.S. interests—both economic and geopolitical.
Reciprocal Tariffs List
| Country/Region | Country/Region Tariff | US Reciprocal Tariffs |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 49% | 10% |
| Albania | 10% | 10% |
| Algeria | 59% | 30% |
| Andorra | 10% | 10% |
| Angola | 63% | 32% |
| Anguilla | 10% | 10% |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 10% | 10% |
| Argentina | 10% | 10% |
| Armenia | 10% | 10% |
| Aruba | 10% | 10% |
| Australia | 10% | 10% |
| Azerbaijan | 10% | 10% |
| Bahamas | 10% | 10% |
| Bahrain | 10% | 10% |
| Bangladesh | 74% | 37% |
| Barbados | 10% | 10% |
| Belize | 10% | 10% |
| Benin | 10% | 10% |
| Bermuda | 10% | 10% |
| Bhutan | 10% | 10% |
| Bolivia | 20% | 10% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 70% | 35% |
| Botswana | 74% | 37% |
| Brazil | 10% | 10% |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | 10% | 10% |
| British Virgin Islands | 10% | 10% |
| Brunei | 47% | 24% |
| Burma | 88% | 44% |
| Burundi | 10% | 10% |
| Cabo Verde | 10% | 10% |
| Cambodia | 97% | 49% |
| Cameroon | 22% | 11% |
| Cayman Islands | 10% | 10% |
| Central African Republic | 10% | 10% |
| Chad | 26% | 13% |
| Chile | 10% | 10% |
| China | 67% | 34% |
| Christmas Island | 10% | 10% |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 10% | 10% |
| Colombia | 10% | 10% |
| Comoros | 10% | 10% |
| Congo (Brazzaville) | 10% | 10% |
| Congo (Kinshasa) | 22% | 11% |
| Cook Islands | 10% | 10% |
| Costa Rica | 17% | 10% |
| Cote d’Ivoire | 41% | 21% |
| Curacao | 10% | 10% |
| Djibouti | 10% | 10% |
| Dominica | 10% | 10% |
| Dominican Republic | 10% | 10% |
| Ecuador | 12% | 10% |
| Egypt | 10% | 10% |
| El Salvador | 10% | 10% |
| Equatorial Guinea | 25% | 13% |
| Eritrea | 10% | 10% |
| Eswatini | 10% | 10% |
| Ethiopia | 10% | 10% |
| EU | 39% | 20% |
| Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) | 82% | 41% |
| Fiji | 63% | 32% |
| French Guiana | 10% | 10% |
| French Polynesia | 10% | 10% |
| Gabon | 10% | 10% |
| Gambia | 10% | 10% |
| Georgia | 10% | 10% |
| Ghana | 17% | 10% |
| Gibraltar | 10% | 10% |
| Grenada | 10% | 10% |
| Guadeloupe | 10% | 10% |
| Guatemala | 10% | 10% |
| Guinea | 10% | 10% |
| Guinea-Bissau | 10% | 10% |
| Guyana | 76% | 38% |
| Haiti | 10% | 10% |
| Heard and McDonald Islands | 10% | 10% |
| Honduras | 10% | 10% |
| Iceland | 10% | 10% |
| India | 52% | 26% |
| Indonesia | 64% | 32% |
| Iran | 10% | 10% |
| Iraq | 78% | 39% |
| Israel | 33% | 17% |
| Jamaica | 10% | 10% |
| Japan | 46% | 24% |
| Jordan | 40% | 20% |
| Kazakhstan | 54% | 27% |
| Kenya | 10% | 10% |
| Kiribati | 10% | 10% |
| Kosovo | 10% | 10% |
| Kuwait | 10% | 10% |
| Kyrgyzstan | 10% | 10% |
| Laos | 95% | 48% |
| Lebanon | 10% | 10% |
| Lesotho | 99% | 50% |
| Liberia | 10% | 10% |
| Libya | 61% | 31% |
| Liechtenstein | 73% | 37% |
| Madagascar | 93% | 47% |
| Malawi | 34% | 17% |
| Malaysia | 47% | 24% |
| Maldives | 10% | 10% |
| Mali | 10% | 10% |
| Marshall Islands | 10% | 10% |
| Martinique | 10% | 10% |
| Mauritania | 10% | 10% |
| Mauritius | 80% | 40% |
| Mayotte | 10% | 10% |
| Micronesia | 10% | 10% |
| Moldova | 61% | 31% |
| Monaco | 10% | 10% |
| Mongolia | 10% | 10% |
| Montenegro | 10% | 10% |
| Montserrat | 10% | 10% |
| Morocco | 10% | 10% |
| Mozambique | 31% | 16% |
| Namibia | 42% | 21% |
| Nauru | 59% | 30% |
| Nepal | 10% | 10% |
| New Zealand | 20% | 10% |
| Nicaragua | 36% | 18% |
| Niger | 10% | 10% |
| Nigeria | 27% | 14% |
| Norfolk Island | 58% | 29% |
| North Macedonia | 65% | 33% |
| Norway | 30% | 15% |
| Oman | 10% | 10% |
| Pakistan | 58% | 29% |
| Panama | 10% | 10% |
| Papua New Guinea | 15% | 10% |
| Paraguay | 10% | 10% |
| Peru | 10% | 10% |
| Philippines | 34% | 17% |
| Qatar | 10% | 10% |
| Reunion | 73% | 37% |
| Rwanda | 10% | 10% |
| Saint Elena | 15% | 10% |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 10% | 10% |
| Saint Lucia | 10% | 10% |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 99% | 50% |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 10% | 10% |
| Samoa | 10% | 10% |
| San Marino | 10% | 10% |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 10% | 10% |
| Saudi Arabia | 10% | 10% |
| Senegal | 10% | 10% |
| Serbia | 74% | 37% |
| Sierra Leone | 10% | 10% |
| Singapore | 10% | 10% |
| Sint Maarten | 10% | 10% |
| Solomon Islands | 10% | 10% |
| South Africa | 60% | 30% |
| South Korea | 50% | 25% |
| South Sudan | 10% | 10% |
| Sri Lanka | 88% | 44% |
| Sudan | 10% | 10% |
| Suriname | 10% | 10% |
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen | 10% | 10% |
| Switzerland | 61% | 31% |
| Syria | 81% | 41% |
| Taiwan | 64% | 32% |
| Tajikistan | 10% | 10% |
| Tanzania | 10% | 10% |
| Thailand | 72% | 36% |
| Timor-Leste | 10% | 10% |
| Togo | 10% | 10% |
| Tokelau | 10% | 10% |
| Tonga | 10% | 10% |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 12% | 10% |
| Tunisia | 55% | 28% |
| Turkey | 10% | 10% |
| Turkmenistan | 10% | 10% |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | 10% | 10% |
| Tuvalu | 10% | 10% |
| Uganda | 20% | 10% |
| Ukraine | 10% | 10% |
| United Arab Emirates | 10% | 10% |
| United Kingdom | 10% | 10% |
| Uruguay | 10% | 10% |
| Uzbekistan | 10% | 10% |
| Vanuatu | 44% | 22% |
| Venezuela | 29% | 15% |
| Vietnam | 90% | 46% |
| Yemen | 10% | 10% |
| Zambia | 33% | 17% |
| Zimbabwe | 35% | 18% |